Explore Dickens presentation of education in Hard Times Essay

Explore Dickens’ presentation of education in Hard Times and comment on how this reflects a Dickensian vision of Utilitarianism Dickens’ presents The Victorian education system in ‘Hard Times’ in a fundamentally negative way, Dickens’ expresses the idea that having an imaginative aspect to our education is essential. He does this through satirising the education system and mocking the characters. Throughout the novel, it is a purpose of Dickens being satirical towards the education system. Dickens opens the novel with a satirical description of Thomas Gradgrind and his utilitarian educational methods as he teaches the room full of students â€Å"Facts alone are wanted in life† (9) Dickens satirises Gradgrind’s commitment to an education comprised only of facts as Gradgrind exaggerates that facts are the only essential thing in life. â€Å"Fancy† (14) symbolises imagination and wonder compared to facts. Dickens emphasise â€Å"Fact† more than he does with â€Å"Fancy† he does this by repeating â€Å"fact† itself, sounds more forceful. Gradgrind’s view on education is his children are to never imagine or wonder. Gradgrind rejects the concept of â€Å"fancy† or imagination; ‘fancy’ has nothing to contribute to understanding; only things that can be measured are important. Gradgrind’s disapproving rant on fancy â€Å"You don’t walk upon flowers in fact† (14) to the students underlines that fancy is bad and it should be â€Å"facts! † (14) In his satirical description of Gradgrind, Dickens’ aim is of what he experienced in the industrial England during his time when education varied vastly, according to location, gender, and class, meaning that Dickens view on Utilitarianism is shown in a satirical way, and his beliefs stood out throughout the novel, this indicates how the education system was controlled. Dickens uses characters’ names to continue his satire of the utilitarian education system prevalent in Victorian Britain. Mr Gradgrind breaks into the word â€Å"Grind† as a means to crush, signifying his method of grinding down the students’ individuality and any imagination they may have entered the school with. Mr M’Choakumchild, breaks into â€Å"me, choke, child† Dickens’ exaggerates with the name as we don’t think the new teacher is literally choking the children in his care, that this Fact-obsessed creature will only choke imagination and feelings out of them. â€Å"If he had only learnt a little less, how infinitely better be he might have taught much more! † (15) This highlights that the utilitarianism system would function much better, if it were not so strung on facts. If Mr. M’Choakumchild had learnt less and been practically involved with his students more and would have taught far better. This is criticizing the way the system works. Dickens is suggesting that in the utilitarianism system, suggesting that ramming facts into students might not be the most effective way of teaching them. Not everything can be reduced to facts alone. Mr Gradgrind and Mr Bounderby are the main representations of utilitarianism and followers of the system. In Louisa’s proposed marriage to Bounderby, Dickens shows us a disastrous consequence of Gradgrind’s system that denied everything but facts. â€Å"You have been accustomed to consider every other question, simply as one of tangible Fact† (97) This illustrates that Gradgrind, who is incapable of expressing his emotions effectively toward Louisa, edges her into a marriage with Bounderby by stating various facts and statistics to her. Louisa is hesitant to communicate her feelings towards him â€Å"she returned, without any visible emotion† (96) David Lodge’s ‘How Successful Was Hard Times? ’ (1981) argues that Gradgrind’s ideology in his system is questionable, Lodge explains that it is a â€Å"primary index of what is wrong with his system† Mr Bounderby is also a character with utilitarian beliefs, doubtlessly one of the major characters that has a firm belief in the system, â€Å"you may force him to swallow boiling fat, but you shall never suppress force him to suppress the facts of his life† (23) He signifies the very essence of his ruthless principles that only has room for facts and statistics. ‘Hard Times’ outlines that a utilitarian approach to life is unsuccessful and costs those who follow their imaginations become robotic and inadequate to the system. Imagination and heart is found in the circus where Mr Bounderby and Mr Gradgrind despise â€Å"No young people have circus masters†¦ or attend circus lectures about circuses† (23) Gradgrind implies that circuses are not like a practical schoolroom. Dickens represents Sissy Jupe as an influential character of the novel who presents the value of a warm heart and embodies feelings and emotions. She is seen as a complete failure of Gradgrind’s system. However Dickens and the reader judge her as a success. The young innocent girl mocked by the teacher and presented as the â€Å"dumb† girl in the start of the novel, gradually turns out to be the most key character in the whole novel. Since the foundational significance of fact and the removal of fancy that Gradgrind’s education obliges, Sissy Jupe will never succeed. Nevertheless, in spite of the education, Sissy becomes a young woman who is able to maintain her own principles and beliefs. The contrasting descriptions of Sissy and Bitzer are shown in their appearance. For example Sissy is described as radiant and warm â€Å"dark eyed and dark haired† (11) referring to her as someone who is the face of vitality. However Bitzer is portrayed as â€Å"what little colour he ever possessed† (11) and â€Å"His cold eyes would hardly have been eyes† (11)) Demonstrating that he is cold and emotionless with no heart and all calculation. Dickens uses Bitzer to demonstrate that other students are influenced by him, showing that he is a follower of Gradgrind’s system, whereas Sissy is the foreigner to the system. The Utilitarian education system relates to the industrial town ‘Coketown’ which consists of factories and â€Å"large streets †¦ like one another †¦ people equally like one another† (27) The town is linked to a â€Å"painted face of a savage† (27) that is described as barbaric and uncultured, the children are being deprived from the â€Å"ill-smelling dye† (27) Dickens suggests the society that the children/workers are living in is unsanitary â€Å"Jail† (28) indicating that they have no escape from their problems. The utilitarian system stamps out all imagination in the pupils and prepares them perfectly for the life of drudgery. Dickens describes as their lot as ‘hands’ in Coketown’s factories. Education presented in ‘Hard Times’ is shown as satirical in Dickensian vision of Utilitarianism. This is because Dickens is able to create a fool out of the system cunningly. Furthermore it is certain that what Dickens has presented is humorous and convincing with making the utilitarian ideology seem absurd through the novel. I find David Lodge’s argument towards Dickens opinion as liberal and potent.

Macroeconomic Policies

Macroeconomic Policies An overview of the crisis and its impacts The 2008 global recession hit hard at many developed economies, of which, the United Kingdom is included (United Nations, 2009, p.39). Primarily, there was noticeable instability that diffused in a multiple sectors such as housing, banking, financial markets and then into all the other sectors.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Macroeconomic Policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The crisis did not only surge into developed countries, but also broke through their boundaries getting into developing nations, where the long term economic progress in those nations was greatly interrupted. Given that majority of the poor people were from developing countries, their economic stability is likely to be greatly affected incase of such a global credit crunch. One of the effects will be a decline in exports due to a decelerating economic pace at this period. Secondly, since the fa ll in export trade was expected to be higher in advanced economies compared to developing economies, the latter’s terms of trade are likely to drop incase of a crisis especially due to a decline in non – oil exports (Lin, 2008, p.7). Thirdly, due to a drop in the number of external sources of finance for investment, the level of investment in many economies faced a major decline during this period. A slackening in labor markets caused most employees to either lose their jobs or have adverse cut on their earnings. Declining house prices, debt and house repossessions were some of the impacts in the United Kingdom (Springett and Ledwith, 2009, p.52). An investment rush was already in place five years before the crisis in most of these economies. A decline in investment funding made most of these projects to be incomplete, leading to the inability of banks to recover loans. On the other hand, completion of these projects resulted to overproduction due to global slowdown he nce leading to deflation. A collection of all these aspects led to decline in the Gross Domestic Product of most developing countries (Lin, 2008, p.8). It is on the basis of these negative effects of the global recession that the group of twenty countries (G-20) met in the United Kingdom to come up with new macroeconomic policy mechanisms in response to the recession.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More International coordination The first macroeconomic policy established by UK was international coordination (IMF staff, 2009. p. 12). At first, it was inadequate, but as the recession aggravated, many attempts were made to enhance enlightenment and cooperation. Even though the advantages are acknowledged, internal difficulties have occasionally superceded over the attempts of such coordination. As the crisis subside and the demand for unusual defensive measures redu ce, the demand for international policy measures may rise as the United Kingdom start unrolling crises control policies. Two main hurdles emerge, one of them being that the domestic cooperation between government agencies in the devising and implementation of unwinding policies may be buttressed. Two, systems for organization in the United Kingdom must be stepped up so that geocentricism does not choke the attempts of normalizing the global economic set up. International decision making bodies like the International Monetary Fund could implement such efforts in enhancing both shared enlightenment and cooperation between the United Kingdom and other nations (Truman, 2009, p.5). The effectives and credibility of this policy can be enhanced through efficient communication of the policy objectives by the United Kingdom authorities. This will go a long way into directing personal anticipations elucidating changes to be adjusted in line with policy making. The current move by Britain to a llow foreign investment within its boundaries is perhaps a move to implement this policy (The Economist, 2010) Diagnosis The second policy involves diagnosis. Just like other countries, the United Kingdom is using diverse mechanisms to diagnose the situation surrounding its financial set up. This entails an appraisal of the potency of the main borrowers, an evaluation of the credibility of the banks’ business models and the projection for medium term benefits in the upcoming economic actuality emanating from the recession. Instead, the United Kingdom has depended on the stress tests to assess the type and size of risks that can destabilize its financial set ups (Wilkinson, Spong and Christenson, 2009, p. 51). This has led to non – public announcement of its actions.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Macroeconomic Policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During the first quarter of 2009, the United Kingdom carried out stress tests on main banks. Although the results were not made public, they were used to ascertain role playing in Asset protection Scheme (IMF staff, 2009. p.13). Following the use of stress tests in the United Kingdom, other countries emulated the same move. Stress tests may not effectively evaluate the medium – term strength of a financial organization. Response to shocks, though an imperative element in such an assessment, leaves out vital components such as the ability of main borrowers, the feasibility of the business representation and the aggressive level of the firm. Secondly, stress tests alone are not enough and should be combined with well established emergency funding strategies (The European Department, 2008, p. 27). For these reasons, the United Kingdom may deem fit applying another approach for evaluating the medium – term capability of its financial organizations. Like other developing economies, the United Kingdom chose not to publ ish the outcome of the stress tests conducted on its banks. This is based on fears that if reasonable but stern stresses are used, these indicators may be interpreted as economic anticipations. Making the results public could however deteriorate trust in the economy. Additionally, concerns about market responses may cause the nation to under evaluate the weaknesses of its financial institutions. Credit Guarantees The third macroeconomic policy that UK initiated was creditor guarantees. There was an increased insurance deposit amount which was aimed at raising compensation covers. In most cases, the government also introduced blanket debt guarantees. This minimized fears concerning counterparty risk, enhancing accessibility to market funding. United Kingdom was applied this program on a large scale. The guarantee policy was very effective in improving market entrance. General bond issuance rose during the first three months of 2009 in the United Kingdom.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By guaranteeing creditors about the willingness of the government to boost the financial mechanisms, general trust began coming back during early 2009. Consequently, there was an increase in remittance of non-guaranteed debts, indicating increased admittance to market financing. Capital injection Fourthly, there was capital support from the government. The amount of government capital injection was higher before the second quarter of 2009 than it was before this time (Lambek and Amtil, 2009, p.24). This was perhaps meant to offset the economic imbalances that had been caused by the 2007 recession (Xiao, 2009. p. 6). With respect to the establishment of the bank stabilization programme, the United Kingdom government committed itself to the release of three emergency packages that included payments towards those who had been unemployed and tax exemptions on house sales (The Economist, 2008). The reduced public spending for recapitalization may not be maintained. The Stress tests may b ring out other unrecognized deficiencies that ought to be dealt with. Additionally, two occurrences could raise the demand for capital support. One, the global economic distress while appearing to be subsiding could lead to banks registering more Non-performing Loans. Two, latest changes in accounting that restrict a market-to-market requirement could recur, bringing about the aspect of asset price instability and the need for buttressing capital shields. Incase the private markets cannot be able to raise such capital requirements, and then use of public resources may then be employed. Management of distressed assets There was the asset management policy where distressed assets were handled in two different ways. Whereas some of the assets held in the financial books were guaranteed, others were removed. With respect to guarantees, the United Kingdom launched a program to handle this (IMF staff, 2009, p.18). Although the program is closed, the final transactions with two of its bank s are in a limbo. During the first quarter of 2009, the United Kingdom devised mechanisms of dealing with distressed assets. The mechanism did not entail removing the assets from the balance sheet like was the case of the United States, but it rather involved cushion against losses on various groups of assets above a certain brink. Although guaranteeing assets provides sufficient time to restructure distressed property, it may not necessarily be the best alternative of restoring confidence in the financial institutions. Guarantees are only effective if there are anticipations that the value of the asset will be restored. Such guarantees may enable financial institutions that are closer to their borrowers to restructure assets. Additionally, if the bank is able to access the advantages of risk transfer via guarantees, then inducement to do away with the assets may decline. However, there may also be circumstances under which guarantees may not be efficient thus calling for fresh atte mpts to get off distressed assets from the banks’ transactions. One of the reasons as to why removal of assets has not been stressed is that accounting regulations have restricted price unpredictability emanating from market-to-market asset prices. Another reason to continue applying asset removal mechanisms is that some assets especially those that are complex in nature may not be easy to resolve and for that matter, may overstay in the bank records making it difficult for banks to continue registering profits. Thirdly, acuity of bank soundness could be encouraged by removal of assets hence formalizing the true value of losses to see to it that those losses that are problematic are dealt with. Moreover, removal of these assets will make it easy for banks to focus on their future activities without having to deal with such problematic property (Ait-Sahalia, et al, 2009, p.9). Monetary policy Interest rate cuts were coordinated by central banks during the time of global crisis . This was done to a larger extent than had been done before. This had the biggest impact in comparison to other types of economic policies put in place to respond to global recession (IMF working paper, 2009, p.17). Reference List Ait-Sahalia, Y. et al. 2009. Market Response to Policy Initiatives during the Global Financial Crisis. Web. International Monetary Fund staff. 2009. Updated Stocktaking of the G-20 Responses to the Global Crisis: A Review of Publicly Announced Programs for the Banking System. Web. IMF Working Paper. 2009. How to Stop a Herd of Running Bears? Market Response to Policy Initiatives during the Global Financial Crisis. Web. Lambek, P. A., 2009. AMTIL – The Source. NY: AMTIL Publishers. Web. Lin, J. Y., 2008. The Impact of the Financial Crisis on Developing countries. Web. Springett, M. and Ledwith, J., 2009. Participatory Practice: Community-Based Action for Transformative Change. OR: The Policy Press. Web. The Economist. 2010. Foreign Takeovers in Brit ain. Web. The European Department. 2008. United Kingdom: Staff Report. International Monetary Fund. Web. Truman, E., 2009. The IMF and the global crisis: Role and Reform: Peterson Institute for International Economics. Web. United Nations. 2009. World Economic Situation and Prospects 2009. Web. Wilkinson, J., Spong, K. and Christenson, J., 2009. Financial Stability Reports: How Useful During a Financial Crisis? Web. Xiao, Y., 2009. IMF working Paper: French banks Amid the Global Financial Crisis. Web.

Business Decision Making Essays

Business Decision Making Essays Business Decision Making Essay Business Decision Making Essay The business research process provides a roadmap with directions for conducting a business research project. There are three steps in the research process. They are the formulation, execution and analytical phases. Step 1: Formulation stage involves defining the substance and process of the research. To Develop: Theory, Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Study Design/Method. Example: Assume a luxury producer came and sought help from my company which provides business consultation services. He was worried about how to segment the current market.I would design the research objectives according to the Maslows hierarchy of needs theory, eg. How many people are there living this area? their income level. their occupation and so on. I would assume that people of certain income level would be interest in luxury goods to show his or her status. The research will be designed especially made for this luxury company. Step 2: Execution phase researcher is actively gat hering information from the appropriate sources. This information is then checked for errors, coded, and stored in a way that allows it to be analysed quickly and conveniently.Example: After the design of research is completed, I would send it to the marketing staff to implement the research, check the errors. Then I would transform the research questions into questionnaires, post them online or distribute them to certain areas. After people finished the questionnaires, I would gather all the information, check for errors, coded them into SPSS, and analysed right on the SPSS programme. Step 3: Analytical phase data are analysed. Hypotheses are tested and either (a) supported, or (b) not supported, based upon comparing the actual study outcome with the outcome predicted in the formulation stage.Results are examined to provide answers to the key research questions. The decision maker then take actions based upon better knowledge of the situation. Example: when the data have been anal ysed, I would test if the hypotheses are supported or not supported. Then make the conclusion. (b) Recent business trends have affected business research in many ways. They have helped shape the types of research performed, the way research is conducted and the phenomena that are studied, as well as the importance of research in business decision-making.Among the more important trends impacting business research are international research, relationship marketing and information revolution. International research. Firms around the world now perform business research to improve their decision making. This research influences decisions often involving unfamiliar cultures. Internationalization means business research also must take an international focus. Difficult managerial decisions involving consumers and employees in a foreign culture are made even more difficult by an array of communication barriers, both verbal and nonverbal.These decisions require research regarding cultural dif ferences including the ability to translate meaning from one language into the same meaning in another language. The internet means many businesses now consider the world their market. In addition, translational equivalence which means that text can be translated from one language to another and then back to the original language with no distortion in meaning, becomes essential. Relationship marketing Relationship marketing emphasizes long-term interactions between a business and its stakeholders.The emergence of relationship marketing is changing research in terms of who and what is studied. A principal component of relationship marketing is the realization a firm cannot be everything to everybody. Otherwise, limited resources will be spent on unprofitable customers. Successful companies have loyal customers, loyal employees and loyal stakeholders. Relationship marketing has placed an increased emphasis on the study of loyalty-related factors. Employee loyalty issues such as turnov er and organizational commitment have been studied often because of their relationship to firm performance.Turnover represents the average tenure of an employee and suggests a replacement rate needed to maintain production. Organizational commitment is the degree to which an employee identifies with the goals and values of a firm. Information revolution The information age has facilitated many research processes. Technological advances in computing and electronic storage have dramatically increased research efficiency. Electronic communications, such as emails, has replaced the telephone and traditional ‘snail-mail’ for many types of business communications, including many matters directly related to research.Networking allows greater communication and data transfer between interested parties. Company information is now stored and catalogued in an electronic format, these electronic data warehouses replace other more costly approaches to storing data. Electronic data wa rehousing clearly has changed the way analysts and decision makers do their jobs. Further, numerous industry statistics are now available electronically. Motivated by the low cost of electronically storing information and a desire to better understand multiple relationships, many organizations have developed formal systems aimed at recording all important events in a database.The resulting database is an electronic representation of organizational memory. Organizational learning can be defined as the internalization of both external and internal information to be used as an input to decision making. One relatively new organization learning tool is data mining. Data mining electronically mines data ware houses for information that identifies ways to improve organizational performance. Business research even extends beyond the earth. Many companies are gathering and analysing information obtained from Global Positioning Satellite devices.GPS allows real-time tracking of movement. Rese archers can expected and able to be more productive than they were a generation ago. Question 2 (a) The graphical technique of multiple-line is adopted to illustrate the number of job vacancies reported in NSW, Victoria and Australia from 1998/99 to 2009/10. It is clear and easy to identify the trends among three places and make comparisons by using the line chart. We can see from the line chart that the number of job vacancies is greater than the number of Victoria through all the periods.We can see an upward trend in all three places. From 1998/99 to 1999/00, the job vacancies drop slightly in Victoria while the number of NSW went down dramatically from 20,000 to approximately 10,000. Job vacancies in Victoria were on the rise from 1999/00 to 2008/09. However, at the same time, the number of NSW fluctuated within the range of 20,000 to 40,000. In 2007/08, the job vacancies peaked at 40,000, followed by a dramatic fall. The overall trend of job vacancies reported in Australia was s imilar to NSW. It bottomed at 37,000 in 1999/00 and peaked at 116,000 in 2007/08. (b)The graphical techniques of clustered bar chart is adopted to show the percentage of earnings by three business segments, international airline operations, domestic airline operations and subsidiary operations, from 2004 to 2010. By using clustered bar chart, the percentage in each segment become evident, moreover, it is easy to make comparisons. The earnings by international airline operations accounted for the largest proportion in all the years except 2010. The figure peaked in 2009 with more than 60%. In 2010, the earnings made by domestic airline operations exceeded the earnings of international airline operations.The earnings made by subsidiary operations fluctuated in this period from 2004 to 2010. The graphical techniques of stacked bar chart is adopted to show the figures of earnings according to geographic area, Australia, UK and Europe, Japan, Southeast and Northeast, Asia, America and th e pacific and other countries, from 2004 to 2010. By using stacked bar chart, the amount of earnings in each segment become clear, moreover, it is easy to make comparisons among seven years. We can witness a upward trend for the total earnings in seven areas. The earnings made by Australia accounted for the largest proportion through all the years.Australia’s earnings figure peaked in 2010 with more 10000. It is clear that the earnings made by Australia were on the rise from 2004 to 2010, while at the same time, all the other geographic areas remained constant. Question 3 Brief report for the Frank City Council Respondents gender FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent Validmale2141. 242. 042. 0 female2956. 958. 0100. 0 Total5098. 0100. 0 MissingSystem12. 0 Total51100. 0 Of the sample, a large proportion of the sample is female (58%), while 42% of the sample is male. Statistics Age of respondent NValid50 Missing1Mean46. 78 Median45. 50 Mode35a Std. Deviation18. 074 Va riance326. 665 Range78 Minimum21 Maximum99 Percentiles2531. 75 5045. 50 7560. 00 a. Multiple modes exist. The smallest value is shown In Frank City, there are three main age groups in the sample with 23-25 years old, 33-44 years old and 57-65 years old. People of other ages are pretty even within the range from 21 to 99 years old. The minimum age is 21 years old and the maximum age is 99 years old. The Average age is 46 years old. Ethnicity of respondent FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent Validwhite2549. 050. 050. 0 lack1733. 334. 084. 0 other815. 716. 0100. 0 Total5098. 0100. 0 MissingSystem12. 0 Total51100. 0 In the sample, most of the people are white (50%), 34% are black, 16% are other ethnicities. White people accounted for the largest part in the sample, followed by black thnicity. Region in the Council FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent Validnorth1427. 528. 028. 0 south1631. 432. 060. 0 west2039. 240. 0100. 0 Total5098. 0100. 0 MissingSystem12. 0 Tot al51100. 0 In this sample, most of the people live in the west region (40%), there are 32% live in the south, 28% live in the north.Number of brothers and sisters FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent Valid035. 96. 06. 0 11121. 622. 028. 0 21121. 622. 050. 0 312. 02. 052. 0 459. 810. 062. 0 535. 96. 068. 0 659. 810. 078. 0 7917. 618. 096. 0 1012. 02. 098. 0 1212. 02. 0100. 0 Total5098. 0100. 0 MissingSystem12. 0 Total51100. 0 Of the sample, most of the people have 1-2 brothers and sisters 21. 6%. There are 18% of people who have 7 siblings. 10% of the people have 4-5 siblings. Number of children FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent Valid01631. 432. 032. 0 11019. 620. 052. 0 21019. 20. 072. 0 3917. 618. 090. 0 423. 94. 094. 0 523. 94. 098. 0 812. 02. 0100. 0 Total5098. 0100. 0 MissingSystem12. 0 Total51100. 0 Of the sample, 32% of the people do not have a child. However, 68% of the people have 1-3 kids. Those who have 1-3 children accounted for the largest propor tion in this sample. Respondent’s occupation category * Respondents gender Crosstabulation Count Respondents genderTotal malefemale Respondent’s occupation categorymanagerial Professional Speciality9615 technical, Sales Administrative Support4913 Service189 Farming, Forest Fishing213Precision Production, Craft Repairs336 Operation, Fabrication General Labour224 Total212950 Of the sample, more male were occupied with managerial Professional jobs than female. On the contrary, far more female engaged in technical, Sales Administrative Support and Service jobs To obey * Respondents gender Crosstabulation Count Respondents genderTotal malefemale To obeyMost important3710 Important134 3rd important336 4th important31114 Least important11516 Total212950 Of the sample, female tend to be more aware of obedience than male. While more male thought obedience is least important.To be well liked or popular * Respondents gender Crosstabulation Count Respondents genderTotal mal efemale To be well liked or popular0011 Most important314 Important459 3rd important325 4th important5611 Least important61420 Total212950 Of the sample, most of the female thought to be popular is least important than male. Both genders think it is of importance to become popular. More male than female thought it is most important to be liked. To work hard * Respondents gender Crosstabulation Count Respondents genderTotal malefemale To work hard0011 Most important729 Important51015 3rd important41115 th important426 Least important134 Total212950 Of the sample, 33% of male think to work is most important, by comparison, only 7% of female thought so. Those female who thought to work hard is important and 3rd important are almost twice as much as male. But those female who thought to work hard it least important are about 3 times than male. It is evident that those who completed 16 to 20 years at school engaged in managerial % professional speciality jobs and most of the people who f inished 12 to 14 years at school were occupied with technical, sales Administrative Support jobs and Service jobs.Recommendations for Frank City Council According to the data analysis given above, I would suggest the council to be aware of the following factors. Of the sample, we can assume that in Frank City, there more females than males. The council should take special actions for caring the females, for instance, allocate special bus or trains just for females in order to avoid crimes speculation against females. The aging problem is becoming more and more serious due to the fact that people of 57 to 64 years old accounted for a largest proportion.Actions should be made to improve the medical services and more medical facilities are needed. More people live in the West region, so the council should build more public transportation services and facilities in the West region. It is of great importance to allocate appropriate funds to the West in order to keep the capital construc tion. It is beneficial to the society to provide better education opportunities to both genders in order to keep the balance of each types of job.People are better motivated when same amount of genders engage in work.

Define the socio-economic aspects that make Limoges distinctive Essay

Define the socio-economic aspects that make Limoges distinctive - Essay Example Its is at a physical as well as socio-economic defining moment. It has no way to make use the ocean, very less trains come to their stations and there airport is not even large enough for an airplane, Limoges largest industry is in cattle. (http://molly.com/2006/02/04/limoges-france-the-vision-the-joy-the-pain/). Limoges has just seen a minor raise in its population due to positive migration balance. However it is still the most aged population in the whole of France, this has no effect on their socio-economic indicators. It consists of an urban region of 230 000 customers, their town centre has 137,502 residents, 12,942 organization as well as 66,610 employees. The rate of unemployment is fairly average which 8.5% is. 80 % consist of less than 50 employees and 5% of the organizations have more than 200 employees. With a population around 140,000. Its famous for its ceramics industry; the citys porcelain workshops employ more than 10,000 people (http://members.virtualtourist.com/m/17f82/1a119/). Limoges consists of an intense network of diversified, high-performance SME-SMI and specializes in electricity, electronics, wood/furniture, ceramics, precision mechanics, plastics and cosmetics. The segment is the key employer in Limoges accounting for more than one third of the employees on industrial sites. It is open to original ideas and developing quickly; it is as well the area’s most important sector when it comes to terms of exports. Limoges is the seat of the Chamber of commerce and industry of Limoges and of High-Vienna which manages the AÃ ©roport of Limoges Bellegarde. It is also the seat of the Regional court of trade and industry the Limousin Poitou-Charentes (which manages Innov ia (http://www.speedylook.com/Limoges.html). At the beginning of industrial growth in Limoges in the nineteenth century, this activity consists of two key areas of

Geology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Geology - Assignment Example Religious divide on the other hand seem to disagree with idea of millions of years and squeeze it to before six days of creation (Dawkins. 2012). Having gone through all this for years I tend to agree with the scientist. â€Å"Young Earthers,† are ignoring the overwhelming â€Å"scientific† evidence for an old Earth. It is certain that both the scientist and men of religion do agree on the story of Noah and the arc (Dawkins. 2012). The scientist then went ahead to study the consequence that such a catastrophe might have left on the surface of the earth. Because the flood did take place it must have left some effects on the surface of the earth. This argument is so compelling because looking at millions of years of erosion at Colorado River the Grand Canyon was formed and such activity must have took place during Noah’s flood (Dawkins. 2012). Many geologists, who are Christian and non-Christian, have looked at the hundreds of thousands of feet of rock layers and fossils worldwide have simply assumed that the Flood didn’t produce them (Dawkins. 2012). They went ahead and invented theories that those rock layers and fossils formed long ago before we came into existence. We can’t ignore the fact that global, year-long, catastrophic Flood did happen at the time of Noah. We can say this with without doubt because of the authority of the historical record in the book Genesis. Such a catastrophe must have therefore left a massive amount of geological evidence (Dawkins. 2012). Since the flood took place it must have buried both vegetation and creatures and as water recede back they must have eroded many of the sediments laid down in the first half of the Flood and redeposit them elsewhere (Dawkins. 2012). As we look at the thousands of feet of rock layers and fossils worldwide surely Flood could have produced them. If such an event was to take place today, it will be naà ¯ve for us to think that no geological features will result from it. To

Genre report on road movies Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Genre report on road movies - Movie Review Example The movie was written by a female which is why their characters are shown as strong and powerful. The movie shows a bold and courageous road journey completed by the two women showing their friendship and hardships that they had to face because they were women. Many of the audience agreed that this film showed the bravery and power of women that had not been exposed so openly before. The reason why it was shocking and pleasing for the audience to watch is because the road genre movies were mainly shot with male characters in accordance to their position in the society. Society at that time had the concept of male dominance and males being more powerful than females. Road trips require high energy and courage to be fulfilled as they cover long distances on roads without proper sleep or food. In this movie the female characters were shown in a new position where they set off on a road trip all alone and faced the several problems boldly. In fact the film shows how these females were at tacked on the most sensitive issue related to women which is rape. The film shows that one of the characters was about to be raped when the other shot the person who was attempting to rape. The two friends then escape to Mexico but later find out that the American police are searching for them. The film shows a new face of the road movie genre that the audience had not seen before. This movie clearly shows the bold and powerful perception about women of the writer and director. Little Miss Sunshine is another movie that was released in 2006 and shows a family road trip. The movie is comedy and it contains humour from the start till the end. A family comedy on a road movie is a unique combination as all the movies about road trips are usually focusing on young men travelling across any country or in the case of Thelma & Louise two women travelling. The history of the road movie genre shows that the genre shows a particular culture where a small group of young friends usually set off to explore places or their lives. Little Miss Sunshine was a surprising movie which shook the audience with its unique combination. The movie broke all the stereotypes for road movies which were the themes of bachelor’s party, or vacations or any other leisure purpose. This movie had a different theme which was based on a beauty pageant competition in which the 7 year old girl was selected. The competition was west to California where they had to drive to reach in time. The journey took place in a VW bus with all the members of the dysfunctional family. All the members of the family were facing some problem or the other because of which the mother did not want to leave any one behind. The road trip disclosed many of the emotional aspects such as life and death, rejection, loneliness and the feeling of belonging; all with the never stopping punches of humour. The expectations that the audience and critics have from the road movies are the themes of the development of the journ ey, characters and purpose. The most important aspect is the development of the journey since the journey is what directly connects to the purpose of the road trip. The audience is most interested to connect the characters, their purpose and their journey till they reach their destination. The journey shown in the road movie shows various events taking place on the way which can change the characters

Good cancer pain management can help patients feel better Essay Example for Free

Good cancer pain management can help patients feel better Essay Most cancer patients suffer from pain in varying degrees during their illness. The management of this pain and its relationship in improving the wellbeing of the patient is the primary focus of this study. This paper approached the study by researching articles that dealt with pain management from different angles. After critical analysis of these articles this paper will arrive at a conclusion that addresses the research question.   The topics reviewed included: 1. The use of a clinical instruction module (CLIM) for hospice nurses to upgrade their skills (Plymale, M. et al, 2001) 2. The role of cognition in promoting the psychological well being of the patient (Chen, Mei-Ling. 2002) 3. The use of pain management autobiographies to discover how best to deal with pain management (Schumacher, K. et al. 2001) 4. Overcoming patient related barriers to pain management by educating them (Chang, Ming-Chuan. 2002) 5. Providing a description of advanced cancer pain in home hospice subjects to enable the caregivers to alleviate their suffering (Dobratz, M. 2001) The material for this study was searched from the University of Wollongong database of Medline. The key words in the search for journal articles were nursing, research and cancer pain.   Articles were chosen for their relevance to the research question and the findings they came up with. Information that was obtained from these studies enabled the writer to draw important conclusions as concerns pain management in cancer patients with pain. The research is of extreme importance to the writer. I lost my husband to cancer. The trauma we all went through watching him in pain gave me a new impetus to do all in my power to ensure that no other patient will need to go through the same suffering as he did. As I continue to practice, I would like to contribute to breaking new ground in pain management in cancer patients; especially as concerns alleviating their pain and improving their quality of life. Article 1 In an article entitled ‘Cancer Pain Education: A Structured Clinical Instruction Module For Hospice Nurses’, appearing in the journal ‘Cancer Nursing ‘,Plymale M. et al (2001) studied the effect of pain education on the quality of service by caregivers. The research aimed to determine whether educating nurses on pain management will improve their ability to assess and manage pain in cancer patients. A clinical instruction module (CLIM) based on cancer pain management and assessment skills was administered to 25 hospice nurses whose average field practice was 4.1 years (Plymale M. et al. 2001, p. 424).The course involved the nurses going round 8 stations focussing on   different aspects of cancer pain, assessing 5 cancer survivors and one actor. They carried out tests on various aspects of pain management. Prior to and after the exercise the nurses self assessed their skills in pain management using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1(not competent) to 5(v ery competent). They also evaluated the CLIM on a similar scale. (1= strongly disagree; 5= strongly agree) All participants agreed that the course helped improve their competence in the teaching items that were being addressed. The use of patients with cancer was considered more beneficial as opposed to having actors. Nurses that felt competent enough before the course did not perceive any noticeable improvement in their abilities in the post exercise self assessment. This finding is consistent with the view that hospice nurses are more competent in dealing with cancer pain management than those nurses working in hospitals. Those who assessed themselves as not competent indicated a higher assessment of themselves after the course. In a further study conducted among post instruction medical students, those trained using a CLIM on pain management did better than those schooled it traditional methods. (Sloan P.A. et al., 2001, 112)     Ã‚  There is an urgent need to introduce CLIM’s addressing pain assessment and management in the teaching courses for all nurses and caregivers in a bid to improve their skills and service delivery. The more competent the nurses the better will be the treatment of patients in prolonging their lives and alleviating the pain they go through. A significant observation of this study is the competence level of hospice nurses was higher than that of their counterparts. It is advisable to seek their input in developing manuals and modules of this nature as they have first hand knowledge that is invaluable to this area of study. Article 2 ‘Pain And Hope in Patients with Cancer’, an article written by Chen, Mei-Ling and appearing in the journal ‘Cancer Nursing’ (2003) examines the relationship between pain and hope in cancer patients. Hope is a therapeutic factor in the treatment of any disease including cancer. Patients with high levels of hope coped better with the disease than did those who dwelt on the hopelessness of their situation. The hopeful patients on average tended to live longer and had extended periods of remission. This study had three main purposes; i. Examine the effect of disease status on hope levels among patients with cancer who have pain ii. Compare the level of hope between patients with cancer that have pain and those who do not iii. Determine which dimensions of pain are associated with hope (Chen, Mei-Ling. 2002, p.62) The conceptual framework for the study was based on the ‘self- regulation model of coping with health threats’. (Chen, Mei-Ling. 2002, p.62) The main emphasis is on how people cope with their health problems in their own unique ways. Personal beliefs, religious orientation, cultural practises and previous experiences all work to determine a patient’s attitude towards his illness.(Donavan, H.S., Ward, S., 2001, pp. 211 – 216) Any one of the factors mentioned will have a bearing on the hope levels of the individual. The study employed the use of the Herth Hope Index (HHI) to assess the level of hope. It sampled 274 inpatients with cancer at two medical centres in Taiwan. 226 of them finalised the survey and the analysis was based on their responses. The study used Perceived Meaning of Cancer Pain Inventory (PMCPI) to measure the meanings that patients ascribed to their pain. Four subscales were used and these were challenge, threat, spiritual awareness and loss. The findings showed that in cancer patients with pain and those without pain, the hope levels did not differ. However, sensory dimensions of pain showed a link between the bearable pain intensity and level of hope (Chen, Mei-Ling. 2002, p. 65) The findings supported the view that the hope levels in patients were higher in those who were able to tolerate more pain. Perception of one’s pain played an important role in the way one held on to hope. Those who viewed the pain as a challenge were more hopeful than those who took it from a negative perspective. In assessing one’s reaction to treatment, it is notable that the findings showed no difference in hope levels for those patients who were unsure of the effect of treatment and those who affirmed that the treatment was working positively.